Exam A2Z

Vacuole Structure of Vacuoles Types of Vacuoles MCQs on Vacuoles Basic Concepts Types of Vacuoles Functions of Vacuoles Vacuoles in Different Organisms Miscellaneous

Biogenesis of Mitochondria Mitochondria are essential organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. They primarily arise through the growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria or from promitochondria. Microscopic evidence strongly supports this theory. Observations under a phase-contrast microscope have revealed mitochondria in the process of dividing. Additionally, electron microscopy studies on green algae Micromonas—which … Read more

Mitochondrial DNA and Protein Synthesis 1. Role of mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and small mitochondrial polypeptides. Several pieces of evidence support the conclusion that mtDNA serves as a template for the transcription of mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs): 2. Ribosomes Mitochondrial ribosomes differ from cytoplasmic ribosomes in size and chemical … Read more

Mitochondrial DNA Replication Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is a unique process distinct from nuclear DNA replication. Unlike nuclear DNA, which replicates in the S-phase of the cell cycle, mtDNA replicates independently throughout the cell cycle. Features of mtDNA Replication Steps of Mitochondrial DNA Replication Enzymes Involved in mtDNA Replication Enzyme Function DNA Polymerase γ (POLG) … Read more

ISOLATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL COMPONENTS GENOME ORGANIZATION Isolation of Mitochondrial Components Genome Organization Mitochondrial Mutations & Studies Mitochondrial Structure & Function Mitochondrial Genetics & Mutations

NUCLEO   CHLOROPLASTIC   INTERACTION Basic Concepts of Nucleochloroplastic Interaction Coordination Between Nuclear and Chloroplast Genes Evolutionary Perspective of Chloroplasts Gene Localization and Function Regulation and Transport of Chloroplast Proteins Chloroplast Protein Import and Processing Genetic Coordination Between Nucleus and Chloroplasts Evolutionary Adaptations of Chloroplasts Functional Significance of Gene Localization Regulatory Mechanisms in Chloroplast-Nuclear Interaction

RNA Editing  MCQ’s RNA Editing Mechanisms RNA Editing in Organisms Examples of RNA Editing Miscellaneous RNA Editing in Different Organisms Proteins and Enzymes Involved in RNA Editing Types and Consequences of RNA Editing RNA Editing and Diseases Experimental and Clinical Applications of RNA Editing