CHROMOSOMAL ORGANISATION (Chroma-color, soma-body) Chromosome Numbers At the time of gametes formation, their number remains half (N), that becomes 2N again after fertilization. Eukaryotic Chromosome Organization The following material are present in the Eukaryotic Chromosome 1.DNA RNA Protein Two types of proteins are present in chromosomes. 1- Histone protein 2- Non – Histone protein 3- … Read more
Confocal Microscopy Types Basic Concepts – Imaging Modes – Three-Color Imaging for Confocal Microscopy – True or False: Scanning electron microscopes and laser scanning confocal microscopes both can produce 3D images.– Answer: True– UK OCR A‑Level Biology, June 2020 OpenStax+7Scribd+7OCR+7OCR+1Study Mind+1 **Which microscope captures optical sections for 3D reconstructions?**a) Phase contrastb) Differential interference contrastc) Confocal … Read more
GISH The Main steps involved in the genomic in situ hybridization are: The major application of GISH technique are as follows:
FISH-Fluorescent in situ hybridization Preparation and Hybridization Process Variations on Probes and Analysis Medical applications Species identification
Western Blotting
ELISA Indirect ELISA Sandwich ELISA Competitive ELISA
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology Cisternae. Vesicles. Tubules. Ultra structure Types of Endoplasmic reticulum 1. Agranular or Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Glycosomes. 2. Granular of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Isolation and chemical composition Enzymes of the ER membranes The enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum perform the following important functions : 1. Synthesis of glycerides, e.g., triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids and … Read more
Lysosomes History Lysosomes were investigated according to following two schools Occurrence Structure Isolation and Chemical Composition Lysosomal Enzymes Kind of Lysosomes 1. Primary Lysosomes 2. Heterophagosome 3. Autophagosomes 4. Residual Bodies Origin Function of Lysosomes The important functions of lysosomes are as follow : 1. Digestion of large extracellular particles. 2. Digestion of intracellular substances. … Read more
Golgi Apparatus History Occurence Distribution Morphology 1.Flattened Sac or Cisternae 2.Tubules 3.Vesicles 1.Transitional vesicles 2.Secretory vesicles 3.Clathrin-coated vesicles Isolation andChemical Composition Cytochemical Properties of Golgi Apparatus 1.Osmium tetraxide (OsO4) 2.Phosphotungstic acid (H3PO4.12WO3.24H2O). 3.Glycosyl tranferease and thiamine pyrophosphatase 4.Acid phosphatase enzyme Origin Function 1.Golgi Functions in Plants Q1. Golgi apparatus was discovered by:A) Robert HookeB) Camillo … Read more
