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Golgi Apparatus

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Golgi Apparatus History Occurence Distribution Morphology 1.Flattened Sac or Cisternae 2.Tubules 3.Vesicles 1.Transitional vesicles  2.Secretory vesicles  3.Clathrin-coated vesicles  Isolation andChemical Composition Cytochemical Properties of Golgi Apparatus 1.Osmium tetraxide (OsO4)  2.Phosphotungstic acid (H3PO4.12WO3.24H2O).  3.Glycosyl tranferease and thiamine pyrophosphatase  4.Acid phosphatase enzyme  Origin Function 1.Golgi Functions in Plants Q1. Golgi apparatus was discovered by:A) Robert HookeB) Camillo … Read more

Glyoxysomes

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Glyoxysomes Functions Glyoxysomes perform following biochemical activities of plants cells : (1)  Fatty acid metabolism.  (2)  Glyoxylate cycle.                                   Isocitratase                   Isocitrate  Glyoxylate + Succinate                                                            Malate synthetase                    Acetyl CoA+Glyoxylate     Malate 2 Acetyl-CoA+NAD+      Succintiate + … Read more

Peroxisomes     

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Peroxisomes  Peroxisomes  Glycolate cycle-  Photorespiration–   CH2OH.COOH + O2       ®   CHO – COOH + H2O2 CHO – COOH + H2O2    ®   HCOOH + CO2 + H2O Biogenesis of Peroxisomes  1. Peroxisomes are surrounded by: A) Double membraneB) No membraneC) Single membraneD) Triple membrane✅ Answer: C) Single membrane 2. The matrix … Read more

Microbodies

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Microbodies: Structure and Types Structure of Microbodies Isolation Technique of Microbodies (from Plant Tissues) Types of Microbodies Recent biochemical studies identify two main types of microbodies: 1. Peroxisomes 2. Glyoxysomes 1. Microbodies are bounded by: A) Double membraneB) Single membraneC) No membraneD) Triple membrane✅ Answer: B) Single membrane 2. Which enzyme is a characteristic marker … Read more

Programmed Cell Death PCD

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Programmed Cell Death PCD Introduction Origin and Types of Programmed Cell Death (PCD) Types of Programmed Cell Death Apoptosis – A Type of Programmed Cell Death Autophagy – A Type of Programmed Cell Death Other Types of Programmed Cell Death Besides apoptosis and autophagy, scientists have discovered other types of programmed cell death (PCD). These … Read more

 Cytokinesis

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Cytokinesis Cell plate formation

Role of Cyclins and CDKs

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Role of Cyclins and CDKs General mechanism of cyclin-CDK interaction Specific action of cyclin-CDK complexes 🔬 Section 1: Basics of Cyclins and CDKs 📈 Section 2: Cyclin-CDK Interactions and Functions 🧬 Section 3: General Mechanism and Cell Cycle Regulation 🔁 Section 4: Specific Cyclin-CDK Complexes and Their Roles 📚 Section 5: Additional Concepts and Molecular … Read more

The development of the term apoptosis 

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The development of the term apoptosis  The significance of apoptosis  Morphological features of apoptosis  🧬 Section 1: Origin and Definition of Apoptosis 🌱 Section 2: Biological Significance of Apoptosis 🔬 Section 3: Morphological Features of Apoptosis 🧪 Section 4: Miscellaneous and Evolutionary Aspects 🔁 Section 5: Applied and Functional Understanding

Cell cycle inhibitors

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Cell cycle inhibitors Checkpoints 1. G1 Checkpoint Type of Cells:  a. Permanent Go Cells: Those cells that enter Go state and remain in ground state. Example;- neurons, skeletal muscle, RBC  b. Stable Go Cells: Those Cells that enter Go state and leave ground state given the right stimuli. Example;- Hepatocytes and Lymphocytes  c. Labile Go … Read more

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