Mitochondrial DNA and Protein Synthesis 1. Role of mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and small mitochondrial polypeptides. Several pieces of evidence support the conclusion that mtDNA serves as a template for the transcription of mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs): 2. Ribosomes Mitochondrial ribosomes differ from cytoplasmic ribosomes in size and chemical … Read more
Mitochondrial DNA Replication Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is a unique process distinct from nuclear DNA replication. Unlike nuclear DNA, which replicates in the S-phase of the cell cycle, mtDNA replicates independently throughout the cell cycle. Features of mtDNA Replication Steps of Mitochondrial DNA Replication Enzymes Involved in mtDNA Replication Enzyme Function DNA Polymerase γ (POLG) … Read more
ISOLATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL COMPONENTS GENOME ORGANIZATION Isolation of Mitochondrial Components Genome Organization Mitochondrial Mutations & Studies Mitochondrial Structure & Function Mitochondrial Genetics & Mutations
Ultrastructure of Mitochondria The structure of mitochondria Divided into following part- 1- Mitochondrial Membrane These are divided into two parts. 1. Outer mitochondrial membrane- 2.Inner mitochondrial membrane 2- Mitochondrial Chamber 1. Outer Chamber 2.Inner chamber 3- Mitochondrial Cristae 4- Elementary particle / Granule/ Oxysome – H.F. moran Mitochondrial DNA /Genome Mitochondrial RNA Mitochondrial Enzyme system … Read more
Mitochondria (Power house of cell ) Mito – thread chondrion – granule History- Presence and Distribution Number – In Metabolically active cell – 1 Lakh or more / Cell Size – Shape – Cylindrical , Rod, Filamentous, Round Granular, Clubshape, Vesicular. Basic Structure & Function of Mitochondria 1. What is the primary function of mitochondria? … Read more
NUCLEO CHLOROPLASTIC INTERACTION Basic Concepts of Nucleochloroplastic Interaction Coordination Between Nuclear and Chloroplast Genes Evolutionary Perspective of Chloroplasts Gene Localization and Function Regulation and Transport of Chloroplast Proteins Chloroplast Protein Import and Processing Genetic Coordination Between Nucleus and Chloroplasts Evolutionary Adaptations of Chloroplasts Functional Significance of Gene Localization Regulatory Mechanisms in Chloroplast-Nuclear Interaction
RNA Editing MCQ’s RNA Editing Mechanisms RNA Editing in Organisms Examples of RNA Editing Miscellaneous RNA Editing in Different Organisms Proteins and Enzymes Involved in RNA Editing Types and Consequences of RNA Editing RNA Editing and Diseases Experimental and Clinical Applications of RNA Editing
GROWTH AND DIVISION OF CHLOROPLASTS OR PROPLASTID MCQ’s
REPLICATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- Replication of Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replicates independently of nuclear DNA and does not follow the cell cycle. The replication mechanism of cpDNA varies among different plant species and is still not fully understood. However, two main models have been proposed: 1. Modes of Chloroplast DNA Replication Semi-Conservative Replication … Read more
GENOME ORGANIZATION Inverted repeats Linear structure Nucleoids 1. What is the structure of chloroplast DNA? a) Linearb) Circularc) Double helixd) Single-stranded Answer: b) Circular 2. How many copies of chloroplast DNA are typically found in higher plant cells? a) 1000b) 10,000c) 50,000d) 1,00,000 Answer: b) 10,000 3. What technique was initially used to isolate chloroplast … Read more
