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Cell cycle Phases of the cell cycle M phase Interphase G1 phase S phase G2 phase G0 phase Cell Cycle and Apoptosis – MCQs 1. Which of the following correctly represents the sequence of phases in the cell cycle?A. G1 → G2 → S → MB. G0 → G1 → M → SC. G1 → … Read more

Flagella and Motility Flagella and Motility Flagellar Ultra structure : – Flagellar Synthesis The Mechanism of Flagellar Movement 1. What is the average diameter of bacterial flagella?a) 2 nmb) 10 nmc) 20 nmd) 50 nmAnswer: c) 20 nm 2. Which type of bacteria has a single flagellum at each pole?a) Monotrichousb) Amphitrichousc) Lophotrichousd) PeritrichousAnswer: b) … Read more

Organization and role of microtubules and microfilaments a) Microtubules b) Microfilaments Actin Binding Proteins. MCQs on Microtubules and Microfilaments

The cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments and tubules that provide structural support, shape, and organization to a cell. It also plays essential roles in cell movement, division, intracellular transport, and maintaining the cell’s integrity. The cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and constantly changes in response to the cell’s needs. It is composed … Read more

Protein Sorting: Targeting of Proteins to Organelles Protein Sorting: Targeting of Proteins to Organelles Protein sorting ,   Introduction of protein sorting Protein translocation Co-translational translocation Post translational translocation Sorting of proteins to mitochondria Sorting of proteins to chloroplasts Protein destruction MCQ’s Q1. Which of the following organelles receives proteins via co-translational translocation? [PYQ Type]a) Nucleusb) … Read more

Structure and Role of tRNA Structure and Role of tRNA 1. Primary Structure of tRNA These modifications are critical for the structural stability, proper folding, and functional interactions of tRNA during translation. Even in the linear (primary) structure, certain domains (or arms) of tRNA are functionally distinguishable due to the presence of modified bases: 1. … Read more

RIBOSOME site of protein synthesis OCCURRENCE:  Number:  Structure:  Ultrastructure of Ribosomes Types of Ribosomes 70S ribosomes:  80S ribosomes:  Polyribosomes or Polysomes:  Origin of ribosomes:  Functions of Ribosomes. RIBOSOMAL RNA or rRNA On the basis of their sedimentation coefficient or rate of sedimentation, rRNA molecules may be classified into following categories: Structure of rRNA Function of … Read more

Nuclear mRNA Transport 1. Which of the following proteins is involved in the processing of hnRNA in the nucleus?A. Cap-binding complexB. hnRNPsC. PAB-IID. Exon-junction complex (EJC) ✅ Answer: B. hnRNPsExplanation: hnRNPs are involved in the processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) before it is processed into functional mRNA. 2. What is required for the transportation … Read more

RNA Processing (1) 5′ capping (2) 3′ cleavage and polyadenylation (3) Splicing and RNA editing. (A) 5′ Capping (B) 3′ Processing – Cleavage and polyadenylation 1. Export of mature mRNA from the nucleus 2. Affect the stability of some mRNAs  3. Serve as a recognition signal for the ribosome. (C) Splicing Intron Splicing:  (i) The … Read more