CHANNELS Types of Channels Ion Channels Ligand-Gated Channels Ligand-Gated Channels Mechanically-Gated Channels Mechanically-Gated Channels Voltage-Gated Channels Voltage-Gated Channels Voltage-gated channels open when the transmembrane voltage changes around them. Amino acids in the structure of the protein are sensitive to charge and cause the pore to open or close. Leakage Channels Leakage Channels In certain situations, … Read more
CARRIERS MCQs on Carriers
MODELS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE (i) Lipid Monolayer Model Of Langmuir- (ii) Lipid Bilayer Model Of Gorter & Grendel- (iii) The Danielli-Davson Model- (iv) Robertson’s Model Or Unit Membrane Hypothesis:– (v) Fluid Mosaic Model– 1. Lipids are present in two layers. 2. Proteins are arranged in two ways: a) Some are embedded in lipid layer, called … Read more
PLASMA MEMBRANE General Characters of Plasma membrane MCQs on Plasma Membrane with Answers and PYQs 1-10: Discovery and Structure of Plasma Membrane 11-20: Transport Mechanisms 21-30: Membrane Proteins and Functions 31-40: Membrane Fluidity and Cell Signaling 41-50: Advanced Concepts & Applications
Growth of Cell Wall The growth of the cell wall is a crucial process in plant cells that allows them to expand, divide, and differentiate while maintaining structural integrity. Cell wall growth occurs through controlled loosening, synthesis, and deposition of new materials. Types of Cell Wall Growth Phases of Cell Wall Growth 1. Initiation Phase … Read more
Biogenesis of the Cell Wall Cell wall biogenesis is the process of synthesis, deposition, and assembly of various components that form the primary and secondary cell walls in plant cells. It is a highly regulated process that occurs during cell growth, division, and differentiation. 1. Synthesis and Assembly of Cell Wall Components The biogenesis of … Read more
CELL WALL Structure PRIMARY STRUCTURE Cell wall is complex in nature .It remains differentiated in the following layers: (1) Middle Lamella (ii)Primary cell wall (iii)Secondary cell wall (iv)Tertiary cell wall (i) Middle Lamella- (ii) Primary Cell Wall- (iii) Secondary Cell Wall- (iv) Tertiary Cell Wall- CHEMICAL NATURE HEMICELLULOSE PECTINS LIGNINS They are group of polymerized … Read more
Chemical Foundation of the Plant Cell The plant cell has a unique chemical composition that supports its functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and metabolism. The chemical foundation of plant cells includes biomolecules, organelles, water, minerals, and metabolic pathways that work together to maintain life processes. 1. Major Chemical Components of the Plant Cell Plant cells … Read more
BIOENERGETIC AND CHEMICAL FOUNDATION Biochemical energetics is the study of how energy is produced, stored, and utilized within a biological system. Cells require energy to perform various functions, including metabolism, transport, movement, and biosynthesis. The primary source of energy in the cell is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which acts as an energy currency. 2. Energy Sources … Read more
Specialized Plant Cells Types Specialized Plant Cells Types-Plants have different types of specialized cells grouped into three main tissue systems: Ground Tissue, Dermal Tissue, and Vascular Tissue. Each system has unique cells that perform essential functions like support, transport, and protection. 1. Cells of the Ground Tissue System These cells mainly provide support, store nutrients, … Read more
