Plasmodesmata: Role in Movement of Molecules and Macromolecules Plasmodesmata are microscopic cytoplasmic channels that traverse plant cell walls, allowing direct communication and transport between adjacent cells. These structures play a crucial role in the movement of both small molecules (water, ions, sugars) and macromolecules (proteins, RNA, viruses). between 30-50 nm, with variations in permeability controlled … Read more
COMPARISON WITH GAP JUNCTION In plants, the equivalent of gap junctions in animal cells are plasmodesmata. While animal cells use gap junctions for intercellular communication, plant cells rely on plasmodesmata to facilitate the exchange of molecules and signals between adjacent cells. 1. Structure of Plasmodesmata (Equivalent of Gap Junctions in Plants) A. Basic Structure B. … Read more
PLASMODESMATA #Primary – It is formed during cell division #Secondary – It is form between mature cell Structure of Plasmodesmata 1 – Plasmodesmatal Plasma membrane 2-Cytoplasmic sleeve 3- Desmotubules INTERNAL STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS 1. What are plasmodesmata? A) Microscopic channels in the cell membrane of animal cellsB) Microscopic channels in the cell wall of plant and … Read more
RECEPTORS The role of the receptor Neurotransmitters: Hormones: Note: Chemical messengers ‘switch on’ receptors without undergoing a reaction The Binding Site Induced Fit Main Types of Receptor Ion Channel Receptors Gating G Protein–Coupled Receptors Bacteriorhodopsin & Rhodopsin Family Tyrosine kinase – linked receptors Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF- R) Intracellular receptors Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), ETR1 … Read more
PUMPS (SITES FOR ATPase) Types of Pumps P- Class Pumps (ATP powered Pump) (i) Na+K+ATPase (ii) H+- K+ ATPase (iii) Ca 2+ ATPase V -Classes pump F Class Pump ABC (ATP binding Cassette) transporter E.g. MCQs on Pumps (ATPase Sites) 1. What is the primary function of an ATP-powered pump? A) Passive transport of ionsB) … Read more
CHANNELS Types of Channels Ion Channels Ligand-Gated Channels Ligand-Gated Channels Mechanically-Gated Channels Mechanically-Gated Channels Voltage-Gated Channels Voltage-Gated Channels Voltage-gated channels open when the transmembrane voltage changes around them. Amino acids in the structure of the protein are sensitive to charge and cause the pore to open or close. Leakage Channels Leakage Channels In certain situations, … Read more
CARRIERS MCQs on Carriers
MODELS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE (i) Lipid Monolayer Model Of Langmuir- (ii) Lipid Bilayer Model Of Gorter & Grendel- (iii) The Danielli-Davson Model- (iv) Robertson’s Model Or Unit Membrane Hypothesis:– (v) Fluid Mosaic Model– 1. Lipids are present in two layers. 2. Proteins are arranged in two ways: a) Some are embedded in lipid layer, called … Read more
PLASMA MEMBRANE General Characters of Plasma membrane MCQs on Plasma Membrane with Answers and PYQs 1-10: Discovery and Structure of Plasma Membrane 11-20: Transport Mechanisms 21-30: Membrane Proteins and Functions 31-40: Membrane Fluidity and Cell Signaling 41-50: Advanced Concepts & Applications
Growth of Cell Wall The growth of the cell wall is a crucial process in plant cells that allows them to expand, divide, and differentiate while maintaining structural integrity. Cell wall growth occurs through controlled loosening, synthesis, and deposition of new materials. Types of Cell Wall Growth Phases of Cell Wall Growth 1. Initiation Phase … Read more
